What Is Hart Island?

Hart Island It’s an island off the Bronx in New York City, not far from where I grew up. It’s not very big. Roughly a mile long by a third of a mile wide. Exact acreage is argued: some say its 101 acres and other claim its 131 acres. I put this map together while...

The First Internet Message Was Sent On 29 October 1969

First Internet Message In the late 1960’s, scientists face a fundamental question regarding computing. In what direction will the future go? The big corporations, IBM and others, want to build centralized, large computers that people must go to. Others want computers...
How The United States Declares War– Or Is Supposed To

How The United States Declares War– Or Is Supposed To

Declaring War How does the United States go to war? It’s not as clear cut as many think. And it’s been a while since we’ve done it as laid out in the Constitution. The last time, as written in the Constitution, War was declared by a joint resolution of Congress and...
OPERATION PAPERCLIP: A Dark Chapter in our History

OPERATION PAPERCLIP: A Dark Chapter in our History

Operation Paperclip Operation Paperclip was an OSS, Office of Strategic Services, program which brought over 1,500 Germans to the United States after World War II. The OSS was in a race with the Russians at the end of the world to reap the cream of the Nazi scientific...
Who Was Sir Richard Francis Burton?

Who Was Sir Richard Francis Burton?

Sir Richard Francis Burton Explorer, soldier, poet, translator, diplomat, spy, linguist, writer, cartographer, fencer, and more. A great and enigmatic person in history. Burton traveled the world, going to places that few westerners had ever been. Most importantly, he...